Basic Database Operations

Databases serve as organized digital containers for storing various kinds of information. Much like managing physical records, the data inside a database can be created, altered, or erased. Below are several essential operations that are typically performed when working with databases:

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1. Creating a New Database

Establishing a fresh database is like adding a brand-new cabinet for storing categorized files. For instance, to set up a database named RUMAHSAKIT, the SQL instruction would look like:

CREATE DATABASE RUMAHSAKIT;

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2. Removing an Existing Database

Deleting a database is similar to disposing of an entire file cabinet, including all the folders and contents it holds. If you have a database called RUMAHSAKIT containing several tables like PASIEN, DOKTER, and TRANSAKSI, you can remove the whole structure with:

DROP DATABASE RUMAHSAKIT;

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3. Adding a Table to a Database

Creating a table is comparable to placing a new folder into a filing system. For example, if the RUMAHSAKIT database needs a table named PASIEN, the SQL syntax would be:

CREATE TABLE PASIEN (
  PasienID INT,
  LastName VARCHAR(255),
  FirstName VARCHAR(255),
  Address VARCHAR(255),
  City VARCHAR(255)
);

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4. Deleting a Table from a Database

Removing a table is like getting rid of an outdated folder and everything inside it. To delete the PASIEN table from your hospital database, the following command is used:

DROP TABLE PASIEN;

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5. Inserting New Records into a Table

To add fresh data entries into a table, you can use an INSERT command. Say you want to enter a new patient with ID 1, last name Suryadi, first name Andri, address Jalan Pondok Cabe, and city Tangerang Selatan, the SQL would be:

INSERT INTO PASIEN (PasienID, LastName, FirstName, Address, City)
VALUES (1, 'Suryadi', 'Andri', 'Jalan Pondok Cabe', 'Tangerang Selatan');

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6. Displaying Data from a Table

Fetching data is akin to pulling out a sheet of information from a folder. To view all existing entries in the PASIEN table, the query would be:

SELECT * FROM PASIEN;

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7. Modifying Existing Entries

If you need to correct or change a record, such as updating a patient’s address, you would use the UPDATE statement. For example, changing the address of the patient with ID 1 might look like this:

UPDATE PASIEN
SET Address = 'Jl Pondok Cabe'
WHERE PasienID = 1;

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8. Removing Specific Records

Erasing a single row of data, like deleting a patient entry, is done through a DELETE command. To remove the record of patient with ID 1, the query is:

DELETE FROM PASIEN
WHERE PasienID = 1;

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Final Notes

Commands that involve creating the structure of a database—like setting up databases and tables—are typically performed once. In contrast, operations involving data manipulation such as insertions, updates, and deletions, are continuous and form the core of day-to-day database management activities.

Reference:

Ruliah, Suryadi Andri. Basis Data, 2024